▪ Origin
The Buyi people are believed to be descendants of the ancient Baiyue tribes. Over time, they gradually migrated and settled in the present - day areas of Guizhou, Yunnan, and Sichuan. Their early history is closely tied to the natural environment, with hunting, fishing, and primitive agriculture being their main means of livelihood.

▪ Development
During the historical dynasties, the Buyi region was under the jurisdiction of the central government to varying degrees. This interaction with the Han - dominated central power led to cultural exchanges and the introduction of new agricultural techniques and technologies. The Buyi people developed a relatively stable agricultural - based society, with well - defined social structures and community organizations.

▪ Modern Times
In modern times, the Buyi people have actively participated in the nation - building process. With the implementation of government policies aimed at promoting ethnic unity and economic development, the Buyi region has witnessed significant progress. Infrastructure has improved, and education and healthcare services have become more accessible, contributing to the overall well - being of the Buyi people.

▪ Quantity
As of the latest census data, the Buyi population in China is approximately 3.5 million, making them one of the larger ethnic minorities in the country.

▪ Distribution
The majority of the Buyi people live in Guizhou Province, especially in the Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. This region's unique geographical features, including mountains, rivers, and valleys, have shaped the Buyi people's lifestyle and cultural traditions. Smaller Buyi communities can also be found in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, where they have integrated with the local ethnic groups while maintaining their distinct cultural identity.

Traditionally, the Buyi economy was based on agriculture, with rice being the main crop. They also engaged in sericulture (silkworm farming) and weaving, producing high - quality silk fabrics. In addition, fishing and forestry played important roles in their livelihood. In modern times, the Buyi economy has diversified. Along with traditional agriculture, they have embraced modern farming techniques and developed industries such as tourism, handicrafts, and food processing. The beautiful natural scenery and rich cultural heritage of the Buyi region have attracted a large number of tourists, providing new economic opportunities for the local people.

▪ Language and Script
The Buyi language belongs to the Tai - Kadai language family. It has its own unique phonetic and grammatical characteristics. Although there is no widely - used traditional written script, in recent years, efforts have been made to develop a written form based on the Latin alphabet to promote literacy and cultural preservation. The Buyi language is an important carrier of their cultural heritage, and its preservation is crucial for the continuation of their traditions.

▪ Religious Beliefs
Polytheism is the predominant religious belief of the Buyi Nationality. They worship a variety of natural gods, such as the god of the mountain, the god of the river, and the god of the sun. Ancestor worship is also an important part of their religious practices, reflecting their respect for their forefathers. In addition, Buddhism and Taoism have had some influence on the Buyi people, especially in terms of moral values and rituals.

▪ Clothing
Traditional Buyi clothing is known for its bright colors and intricate patterns. Women's clothing often includes short - sleeved jackets with colorful embroidery, long skirts, and various accessories such as silver earrings, necklaces, and bracelets. Men typically wear short - sleeved shirts, trousers, and headscarves. The clothing not only serves as a form of self - expression but also reflects the Buyi people's aesthetic values and cultural traditions.

▪ Agriculture
Agriculture has been the cornerstone of Buyi culture for centuries. The Buyi people have developed advanced agricultural techniques suitable for the mountainous terrain. They have built terraced fields to maximize land use and improve water conservation. Rice cultivation is highly developed, and they have a rich knowledge of rice varieties and cultivation methods. Agriculture is not only an economic activity but also a cultural practice that is deeply ingrained in the daily lives of the Buyi people.

▪ Literature
Buyi literature is mainly oral, consisting of folk tales, legends, and songs. These oral traditions have been passed down from generation to generation, telling stories of heroes, gods, and the history of the Buyi people. In recent years, there have been efforts to collect and transcribe these oral works into written form to preserve and promote Buyi literature.

▪ Transportation
In the past, the Buyi people relied on waterways for transportation, using boats made of local materials such as bamboo and wood. On land, they used horses and mules to carry goods and travel. In modern times, with the development of infrastructure, roads and bridges have been built, and modern means of transportation such as buses and cars have become common in the Buyi region. However, traditional transportation methods are still used in some remote areas.

▪ Medicine
Traditional Buyi medicine is based on the use of local herbs and plants. Buyi healers have extensive knowledge of the medicinal properties of various plants and have developed unique herbal remedies to treat different ailments. They also combine physical therapy, such as massage and acupuncture - like techniques, with spiritual healing practices. In recent years, there has been growing interest in integrating traditional Buyi medicine with modern healthcare systems to provide more comprehensive and culturally appropriate medical services.

▪ Calendar
The Buyi people have their own traditional calendar, which is closely related to agricultural activities and natural phenomena. This calendar helps them determine the best time for planting, harvesting, and other agricultural tasks. It also marks important cultural festivals and events, playing an important role in the daily lives and cultural traditions of the Buyi people.

▪ Music
Buyi music is characterized by its melodious tunes and unique musical instruments. The lusheng, a free - reed mouth organ, is one of the most famous Buyi musical instruments. It is often played during festivals, celebrations, and social gatherings. Buyi songs cover a wide range of topics, including love, labor, and nature, expressing the emotions and experiences of the Buyi people.

▪ Dance
Buyi dance is lively and expressive, with movements that reflect the daily lives and cultural traditions of the people. The "Lusheng Dance" is a well - known Buyi dance, performed to the accompaniment of the lusheng music. Dancers wear colorful costumes and perform intricate footwork and hand gestures, creating a vibrant and festive atmosphere.

▪ Architecture
Traditional Buyi architecture is well - adapted to the local climate and geographical conditions. Buyi houses are usually built with local materials such as wood, bamboo, and stone. They are often multi - storied, with the ground floor used for storage and livestock, and the upper floors for living quarters. The roofs are usually sloped to facilitate water drainage. In addition, some Buyi villages feature unique architectural styles, such as the "diaojiaolou" (stilted buildings), which are built on stilts to protect against floods and wild animals.

▪ Landscape
The Buyi region is blessed with beautiful natural landscapes, including mountains, rivers, waterfalls, and caves. These natural wonders have not only provided a rich source of inspiration for Buyi art and literature but also attracted a large number of tourists. The natural environment is an integral part of Buyi culture, and the people have a deep respect and love for their land.

▪ Arts and Crafts
Buyi arts and crafts are renowned for their exquisite craftsmanship and unique designs. Traditional Buyi crafts include batik (wax - printing), embroidery, and wood - carving. Batik is a particularly famous Buyi craft, with its colorful patterns and intricate designs. These handicrafts are not only used for daily life but also have high artistic and collectible value, and are often sold as souvenirs to tourists.

▪ Etiquette
Buyi etiquette is based on respect, politeness, and hospitality. When visiting a Buyi home, guests are usually greeted with warm smiles and offered tea or other refreshments. It is customary to remove one's shoes before entering the house. Respect for elders is highly valued in Buyi culture, and young people are expected to show deference and obedience to their elders.

▪ Marriage Customs
Buyi marriage customs are rich in tradition and ritual. Marriages are often arranged by the families of the bride and groom, with the consent of the couple. The wedding ceremony is a grand event that involves several steps, including engagement, betrothal gifts, and the wedding feast. During the wedding, there are various traditional activities and games, adding to the festive atmosphere.

▪ Festivals
The Buyi people celebrate a number of important festivals throughout the year. The "March Third Festival" is one of the most significant, which is a time for young people to express their love and for the community to come together for celebration. Other festivals include the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid - Autumn Festival, and the Buyi New Year. These festivals are marked by feasting, dancing, singing, and traditional games, reflecting the joy and unity of the Buyi people.

▪ Diet
Buyi cuisine is known for its unique flavors and use of local ingredients. Rice is the staple food, and they also consume a variety of vegetables, meats, and fish. Traditional Buyi dishes include sour fish soup, glutinous rice cakes, and spicy dishes made with local chili peppers. The cuisine reflects the Buyi people's adaptation to the local environment and their rich culinary heritage.

▪ Funeral Customs
Buyi funeral customs are solemn and respectful. The body of the deceased is usually washed, dressed in new clothes, and placed in a coffin. Funeral rituals are performed by religious leaders or elders to guide the soul of the deceased to the afterlife. Family and friends gather to pay their respects and offer condolences. After the funeral, there is a mourning period during which relatives and friends continue to support the bereaved family.